p 







DESCRIPTION 



OF THE 



ISLAI^D OF OAMPOBELLO: 



U ynratbit, '^tBmxttB, %^bmtnQt$ 

ETC., ETC. 



m^ THE ABOVE ISLAND IS FOR SALE. =^ 

FOB PARTICULARS APPLY TO 

EMERSON, TATE & CO., Room 55, Sears Building; 

OR, 

S. p. MARSH, 25 Congress Street; 

OR, 

CHARLES EMERY, Traveller Building, Boston. 



BOSTON: 

T>RESS OiP ROCK^WKLIL. & CHTJRCIirLXi. 

122 Washington Street. 

1874. 



f 



/ 



O 

R 



THE ISLAND OF CAMPOBELLO. 



This island is on the coast of the State of Maine, between 
44^ and 45*^ north latitude, and as its name imports (Cam- 
po, field; Bello, beautiful), one of the most beautiful, pic- 
turesque and inviting localities for a summer resort on or 
adjacent to the western continent. This Island is eight 
miles long and an average of two miles in width, of the most 
varied and enchanting internal scenery, combined with inlet, 
beach, rugged and abrupt seawalls, harbor, bay and ocean 
lookout unequalled in the world. 

By reference to the annexed maps of its geography, the 
location will be found within the Province of ISTew Bruns- 
wick. It contains over twelve thousand acres of land; has 
fifteen hundred inhabitants; has a member of the Provin- 
cial Parliament, and is a free port, and is one day and one 
night from the city of 'New York. 

"What the "Kew York Herald" said April 12th, 1866: — 

" The history of Campobello is not without interest. The 
Island of Campobello is a narrow piece of land, stretching 
north and south at the entrance to the Bay of Fundy, and 
at the mouth of the St. Croix River, which latter, for many 
miles, forms the boundary line between the State of Maine and 
the Province of New Brunswick. The Island is about ten 
miles in length, and at its greater width measures about 
three miles. It is indented all along its shores with numer- 
ous bays and inlets ; one of these, called Harbor de Lute, 
almost divides it, which harbor is a most admirable and ca- 
pacious harbor, capable of protecting and affording safe an- 



4 DESCRIPTION OF THE 

chorage to an entire navy. It possesses the advantage of 
hiding its inmates from the view of those in adjoining waters. 

" The occupation of the inhabitants is principally fishing, 
which has in some years been to them exceedingly lucrative. 
The surrounding waters abound, during the season, in her- 
ring, shad, mackerel, codfish, etc., etc. 

" The inhabitants cultivate small plots of ground in the 
vicinity of their dwellings, but find that their time is much 
more profitably spent in catching and curing fish. 

" The village of Welshpool is situated upon a bay of the 
same name, nearly opposite to Eastport, Maine. Constant 
communication is maintained between Eastport and Campo- 
bello by means of a ferry-boat. At Welshpool is the resi- 
dence of the owner of the Island, the Hon. J. Robinson 
Owen, a retired captain in Her Majesty's navy. The cap- 
tain, besides being lord of the manor, is a member of the 
Upper House of the Provincial Parliament and a magistrate; 
and, therefore, besides his position as landlord, possesses 
power over his people in other ways. While in command of 
a British sloop-of-war he distinguished himself in an en- 
gagement with a notorious privateer in the Indies. 

" The Island of Campobello was, shortly after the American 
Revolution, granted by the British Crown to Sir Admiral 
Edward Owens. Sir Edward never resided for any length 
of time on the Island ; but a brother of his, a very learned, 
but eccentric English gentleman, and a Fellow of the Uni- 
versity of Cambridge, took up his residence on the Island 
and lived a sort of hermit life there for nearly forty years. 
The house in which he lived still stands, and many are the 
curious stories of his eccentricities and charities which the 
older peasantry of the Island have to tell. Upon the death, 
of Sir Edward, the Island became the property of his younger 
brother. Admiral William Fitzwilliam Owen, who, after fifty 
years' meritorious service in the navy, devoted the remaining 
years of his life to the improvement and adornment of his 



ISLAND OF OAMPOBELLO. 5 

inheritance. He built a stately and elegant mansion at 
Welshpool, and also erected a church and school, and min- 
istered in every way to the comfort and improvement of his 
peoj^le. The population of Campobello was, at its last cen- 
sus, about fifteen hundred. The eastern coast of the Island 
is rocky and ^ wooded to the beach.' From its position it is 
exposed to the winds and tidal flows of the Bay of Fundy, 
and it is probably from these circumstances that there are so 
few habitations on this side. Through the interior of the 
Island there are fine groves and wooded walks, and they 
have been for many years favorite places of resort for parties 
from the neighboring American towns of Eastport and 
Lubec. 

The water between Maine and Campobello is called Friar's 
Road. It derives it name from a figure of curious shape, 
and which, at a short distance, bears a strong resemblance 
to the form of a friar wearing the hood peculiar to that order. 
The old friar stands at the base of Quoddy Blufl', at the en- 
trance to Welshpool. It is a noted landmark, and pointed 
out with pride to strangers by the natives of the surround- 
ing islands. It was held as an object of superstitious rever- 
ence by the Indians who formerly inhabited the islands at 
the mouth of the Bay of Fundy." 

What the St. John Daily « Telegraph," 1^. B., of Feb. 27, 
1872, says of the Island of Campobello: — 

" The number of those who leave American cities to spend, 
a few weeks or months on the sea-coasts in the enjoyment 
of pure, health-restoring air, and invigorating exercises and 
pleasures, becomes greater every year, and there is no por- 
tion of the continent which, to a greater extent than IS^ew 
Brunswick, has of late, enjoyed the presence of that very 
desirable class of floating population. The principal reason 
for this state of things is because our summer climate is 
cool and refreshing without being cold, and, though we 



6 DESCRIPTIOX OF THE 

cannot oifer the expensive attractions of Long Branch, 
^Newport, and other fashionable watering places, people 
return home from St. John and our JSTorth Shore river coun- 
try feeling that they have enjoyed more real recreation and 
genuine vacation of business and its cares, for the money 
invested, than can be realized in any other place or country 
explored. 

" The Island of Campobello is about eight miles in length 
and averages two miles in breadth, and is situated in 
the outer Bay of Passamaquoddy, on the eastern side of 
Eastport, or Moose-Island channel. Its shore is indented 
with harbors and coves, most of which have pebbly beaches, 
and its surface is varied by hills of hard-wood growth and 
groves of sjDruce and fir ; cultivated farms and plots of 
ground large enough for the fisherman's cottage and sur- 
roundings, and fitted for the successful prosecution of his 
industry. The number of its inhabitants is about fifteen 
hundred. It is one of the most important fishing-stations 
on the N^orth American coast, and is quite rich also in cop- 
per and other minerals. 

" The history of Campobello dates back to the time of La 
Tour. The boom of cannon echoed over it when the English 
and French strove for the mastery in the possession of Acadia. 
Its soil was a receptacle in later times for the golden and 
silver plunder of the pirates of Mount Desert. Its people, 
more than half a century ago, were interested spectators, 
when the fleet of stately ships, under command of the death- 
bed friend of Lord ISTelson, anchored off its shores, received 
the surrender of Moose Island, and inaugurated the "Four 
Years under Martial Law," which has found a place in 
American History. And to crown the experience of its 
inhabitants, it was made an objective point when the ' Lib- 
erators of Ireland ' raided in ^66, but changed their purpose 
for excellent reasons, and planted their flag on Indian 
Island, thereby reaping the transient glory of a fruitless 



ISLAND OF CAMPOBELLO. 7 

victory. There is, perhai)s, not an estate on the continent 
that has, for so long a time as Campobello, remained in the 
hands of one family. It was granted in 1767, by the crown, 
to Captain William Owen, of the navy, who lived on it for a 
time. He had several children born on it, and after a time 
he left it for the India service, and died in the East. His 
brother, David Owen, a senior fellow of Cambridge and a 
bachelor, took possession of the estate, and was succeeded 
by Admiral Sir Edward Owen. The latter, after an honor- 
able career in the service of his country in many parts of the 
world, died, and the only surviving heir. Admiral William 
Fitzwilliam Owen, took up his residence on the island. 
Capt. J. J. Kobinson, a naval officer, married the daughter 
of the latter, and adopting the family name of his wife, 
became the owner of Campobello. The last-named gentle- 
man is therefore monarch of nearly all he surveys on the 
Island, and being a member of the Legislative Council of 
the Province, is known as the Hon. J. J. Robinson-Owen, 
M.L.C. 

"Before the first Capt. Owen obtained the Crown grant of 
Campobello, several families had settled on it, at what is 
known as Wilson's Beach. These were the Wilsons from 
the colony of Massachusetts — the latter then included all of 
Maine — and Ludlows of Shropshire, England. The Flaggs 
were also there, they having settled at what is now well 
known as Welshj^ool. 

"The people of Wilson's Beach own the title to their 
lands, which aggregate between two hundred and three 
hundred acres; and there are some three hundred acres in 
other parts of the Island which are either sold or promised 
to the tenants who are now in occupation. The remainder 
of the estate, some twelve thousand acres, belongs to Capt. 
Robinson-Owen, and is occupied by perhaps two hundred 
families, who pay a soil rental annually to that gentleman. 

"Half a century ago, and before that date, the leases 



8 , DESCEIPTIOX OF THE 

granted were for periods as long in some cases as ninety- 
nine years, bnt a different system is now practised, and the 
tenants hold their leases for seven, fourteen and twenty 
years, all being renewable at the end of that time. Capt. 
Owen is not bound to pay for any improvements, should the 
tenants wish to leave, — a contingency, which, judging from 
the appearance of j^i'osperity abounding, seldom arises. 
The rates of annual rent paid are from four to seven 
shillings an acre for farming lands; twenty shillings for 
house lots, and £5 for water lots at the ^ Pool.' Some have 
claimed the right to use the beach free for fishing and other 
purposes, but have of course been convinced of the error of 
such a proceeding. 

" WELSHPOOL. 

"At Welshpool is the residence of Hon. Capt. Robinson- 
Owen. The ^ Pool,' as the locality is called, is a very snug 
little place, ample in size, and having a crescent-shaped 
beach of sand and pebbles from which the land rises here 
and there with rocky abruptness, casting its shadows on the 
clear water, and varied in other places by fields and 
beautiful wooded hills. 

" The houses are chiefly built on the east side, and several 
excellent wharves jut out from the shore. Beneath the 
spruces and firs, south of the residence of the Owens, is the 
grave of Admiral William Owen. An English hawthorne 
hedge divides the grounds of the family mansion from the 
rest of the village. The mansion is a comfortable and 
somewhat old-fashioned dwelling, with hot-houses and con- 
servatory attached. The settlement at Welshpool is divided 
by a large rolling-mill, which is known as the picnic ground. 
On the slope there is a picturesque little Episcopal church 
near the road and overlooking the ^Pool.' Stretching 
down towards the latter is a grove of spruce and firs, which 
every year shed their red carpet on the soil beneath, and 



ISLAND or CAMPOBELLO. 



seem to invite repose in their sombre shade. Hundreds are 
attracted to this spot every summer, and there is certainly no 
place in America better fitted for the recreation and enjoy- 
ment of those who wish for a time to forget the sterner 
duties of life amid 

" The nunneries of silent nooks, 
The murmured longing of the wood." 

Silver, Copper, Zinc, Galena and Magnetic Iron. 

From a statement published a few years ago by Roderick 
Burt, Esq., we extract the following: — 

" The geological structure of this Island is peculiar and of 
exceeding interest. The basis bed is said by geologists to 
be a branch of the great range running from Newfoundland 
through 'New England and the Atlantic coasts to Mexico. 

" Slate, limestone and hornblend, frequently injected with 
dykes of trap, predominate. In this part of the province the 
lodes lie in a bed of which the green metamorphic aggregate 
of bisilicate of magnesia forms the chief substance. Their 
general direction is south of east, and north of west, 
presenting a varied thickness from one to twenty feet. At 
Deer Point Welshpool outcrops of a lode are represented by 
leaders in greenstone, which is partly interspersed with 
pyrites. 

" The quality of ores in the various localities is generally 
good, the copper ranging, according to assays, from twenty- 
one to thirty-six per cent. Prof. Baily, of the University of 
New Brunswick, who visited the Island in his tour of the 
Province, arrived at the following conclusion, which is 
quoted from his report to Lieut. Gov. Arthur Hamilton Gor- 
don, on the mines and minerals of New Brunswick. He 
says, referring to the specimens from Campobello : This 
ore, judging from these specimens, as well as from others 
now in possession of the University, is purer and richer than 

2 



10 • DESCRIPTION OP THE 

any I have yet seen from any locality in the Province. As 

to the percentage of copper and silver, the ensuing reports 

attest : — 

New York, 19 Wall St., Feb. 29, 1864. 
Dr. E. "Whitney : — 

Sir, — Upon recurring to ray notes of assay, made in November, 1860, I 
find the following record, which in compliance with your request, I have 
the honor herewith to transmit : — 

The galena from the lode at Deer Point, on the Island of Campobello, 
carrying besides this chalcophyrite, blend and pyrrhotine in a gangue of 
calcite, 1 find upon examination to be uncommonly argentiferous, its tenor 
of silver being equal to that of the choicest American galenas. The speci- 
men used for the assay gave 15.35 troy ounces to the ton of 2,000 pounds 
aflforded to the smelter the yield to the ton of metal would accordingly be 
about eighteen ounces. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. P. Kimball, 
Mining Engineer. 



New York City, March, 1874. 
Dr. E. Whitney : — 

Sir, — Messrs. Dederick Sears & Co., Assayers and Refiners, No. 18 
Maiden Lane, who assayed a sample of ore from Campobello, report a yield 
of 26^ per cent, pure copper. 

Your obedient servant, 

A. B. Seymour. 

" This Island is a base for mining operations. Its harbors 
give the greatest advantages for shipping, while the nature 
of the veins, their depth and persistence, affords the highest 
prospect in the sinking of shafts. The leaders have been 
found invariably to acquire width as they deepen, and those 
lodes which have been opened, have yielded well, even under 
the most adverse circumstances. They promise abundant 
remuneration." 



ISLAi^D OF CAMPOBELLO. 11 



REPORT 

OF THE 

GEOLOGY, AND MINING PROSPECTS 

OF THE 

ISLAISTD OF CAMPOBELLO. 

BY AUGUST PARTZ. 



The Island of Campobello forms a part of the Province 
of i^Tew Brunswick, and is beautifully situated at the 
entrance of the Bay of Passamaquoddy, opposite the towns 
of Eastport and Lubec in the State of Maine, being sepa- 
rated from the latter town by a channel of only about one 
thousand feet in width, called the Lubec ISTarrows. The 
Island is about eight miles long from JS^orth to South, and 
averages over two miles in breadth from East to West, 
containing about twelve thousand acres of land. It has the 
advantage of several fine harbors for vessels of any size, and 
numerous coves and beaches valuable for fishing purposes. 

The inhabitants of the Island, numbering about one 
thousand, are mostly fishermen, and chiefly occupy its 
western part, which is to some extent cultivated and of a 
pleasing aspect, while its eastern part is almost entirely 
covered with wood, bearing a rugged character, and pre- 
senting a bold and rocky front to the ocean. A large portion 
of the Island possesses an excellent soil, which, however, is 
turned to little advantage, as farming and fishing do not 
well agree, and the latter occupation is generally preferred 
by the inhabitants. The village of Welshpool, at the head 
of Friar's Bay, is the central point of intercourse on the 



12 , DESCRIPTION or THE 

Island. It has a large and well-built wharf, with a spacious 
warehouse, and is very conveniently located for commercial 
pursuits. 

The rocks, of which this island principally consists, are 
greenstone, trap, and argillo-calcareous slate; the former 
having penetrated the latter in numerous dykes of a direc- 
tion of north by east and south by west. By the intrusion 
of these dykes, the stratified rocks have been thoroughly 
displaced, and are sometimes remarkably contorted, present- 
ing a dip of almost every angle from the horizon, though in 
most instances it varies between 40° and 55° , commonly to 
the south-east and frequently to the north-west. At different 
places, layers of slate are seen wedged vertically between 
trap dykes, while at other points the trappean masses have 
broken through the strata diagonally and spread out on top 
of them, thus forming the surface rock of probably the greater 
portion of the Island. 'No less remarkable, however, than 
these mechanical transformations, are the physical and chem- 
ical changes which the sedimentary rocks have undergone 
in the neighborhood, and evidently under the influence of 
the trap dykes. 

One of the most conspicuous of these changes is sug- 
gested by masses of silicious limestone and schist, occurring 
in contact with the greenstone, and having apparently been 
produced through the induration of argillo-calcareous schist, 
caused by the intense heat of the intruding rocks thrown up 
from beneath the solid crust of our globe in a state of fusion. 
Noraculite is also frequently met with in localities, indicating 
the probability of its having been formed in a similar way. 
The occurrence at several places of the Island of slate im- 
pregnated with graphite or plumbago will be referred to 
hereafter. 

It is particularly in the proximity of the greenstone dykes 
that the argillaceous limestone has assumed a loose texture, 
and is stained with oxide of iron, so as often to exhibit a 



ISLAKD OF CAMPOBELLO. 13 

very rusty appearance, owing to the decomposition of 
jDyrites, with which it is found to be charged to a varying ex- 
tent, and the presence of which has been ascribed, also, to the 
direct action of the trap dykes. An hypothesis generally 
adopted, though in many respects objectionable and analo- 
gous to the feebly supported assumption, that the auriferous 
pyrites contained in the metamorphic schists and slates of 
the eastern slope of the Alleghanies and of other regions 
originated with and from the Plutonic rocks traversing the 
^ej)tunic. It may frequently be observed that the slate is 
no less abundantly interspersed with pyrites at a considera- 
ble distance from the dykes than in their immediate neigh- 
borhood, where it only presents a more ferruginous surface 
appearance, on account of its having been subjected to an 
elevated temperature and subsequent cooling, in conse- 
quence whereof it became cracked and chinky, and the 
pyrites, being exposed to the action of air and water, become 
extensively decomposed ; which observation is likewise fre- 
quently made in relation to the occurrence of auriferous 
pyrites in talcose and hornblendic schists. The slate has in 
general a very distinct clearage, mostly of planes, parallel to 
each other, and inclined to the planes of stratification, but 
occasionally resembling a coarse and waved lamination. 
Joints are very common ; they are often seen obliquely 
traversing the strata, and dividing the slate into irregularly 
rhomboidal masses of various sizes. 

The greenstone trap rocks of this Island are of very dif- 
ferent texture, and also vary in the proportion and nature of 
their components. They may be divided into three classes, 
representing, as far as I have been able to determine, three 
successive periods of intrusion. 1st. Compact greenstone 
composed of hornblende and felspar in their common pro- 
potions. 2d. Syenitic greenstone of a coarse texture, having 
quartz in its composition. 3d. Hornblendic greenstone, con- 
sisting chiefly of hornblende highly crystalline, and contain- 



14 . DESCRIPTION OF THE 

ing coarse grains of felspar. The first of these rocks is 
found resting porphyry, and is probably the oldest one of the 
three, thongh I could detect no undeniable proof of its hav- 
ing been thrown up previous to the syenitic greenstone 
which is most abundant, and mostly confined to the south- 
western portion of the Island. Both of these rocks are in- 
tersected and overlain by the hornblendic greenstone, in 
which their fragments are found infused, and which existed 
to a great extent chiefly on the eastern part of the Island, 
where it constitutes its most precipitous shores. 

The compact and hornblendic varieties assume an irreg- 
ular columnar structure; they are not unfrequently inter- 
spersed with pyrites, and the latter rock also contains 
occasionally isolated crystals of calcareous spar. At a few 
points the compact greenstone exhibits quite a well-defined 
pseudo stratification in its translation into hornblendic slate, 
showing a very distinct clearage, etc., occurring in vertical 
streams at Friar's Head, Back Cove and other localities, is 
an object of scientific interest, and deserving a more 
thorough investigation than my time at present allowed me to 
make. The occurrence of amygdaloid should also be 
noticed; it is mostly observed below high-w^ater mark, at 
the base of the cliff's, and though not very abundant on the 
Island itself, it seems to be more so at the bottom of the sur- 
rounding sea, judging from numerous pebbles containing 
chlorite, epidote, agate, etc., being washed up and found on 
the beach, together with pebbles of trap, tuff" or breccia. 
"When the greenstone joins the argil slate, both rocks are 
oftfin blended, while in many instances they are sej)arated 
by scorial. 

At Bald Head, Man-of-War Head, Mill Cove, Liberty 
Point and other places, elevated masses of red porphyry are 
observed; they have sometimes the appearance of dykes 
traversing the green stone, though it is beyond doubt that 
the latter rock is of more recent age. At these points of 



ISLA^nJ OF CAMPOBELLO. 15 

contact both rocks often form a breccia, composed of their 
fragments. 

The drift period of geological chronology has left many 
marks and monuments on this island, and is chiefly dis- 
tinguished by the smooth and striated surface of solid rock, 
and by numerous erratic boulders, amongst which those of 
common and red granite and of syenite are the most fre- 
quent. The lines of striae are observed to run invariably 
from the northwest to the southeast. 

The nature of the soil of Campobello conforms to the 
rocks from the decomposed matter of which it is principally 
derived; it changes from light yellow to dark brown in pro- 
portion as it is formed by^^the decomposition of argillo-ferru- 
ginous limestone, slate or greenstone trap, the dark variety 
produced by the latter rock being remarkably warm and 
luxuriant. It remains to make a few remarks upon the 
changes which the geological feature of the Island is con- 
stantly undergoing, chiefly from three causes : 1st. The 
denuding action of the water upon the rocks, and the 
underwashing of cliflfs by the surf. 2d. The effects of con- 
gelation upon the rocks, whereby they become cracked and 
broken. 8d. The washing up of beaches, which takes place 
commonly in a slow but sometimes in a very sudden manner, 
the latter, for instance, having been the case at Herring 
Cove, where during a violent gale, a year or two ago, a 
beach was considerably altered and extensively enlarged. 
To the influence of the two first-named causes, the frequent 
precipitation into the sea of huge masses of rock may be 
ascribed; they are seen looming out of the water in front of 
the precipices from which they became detached, while in 
some places they lodged in their fall on projecting peaks or 
ledges, and appear as though they were on the verge of 
tumbling, adding to the wild and rugged aspect of the 
shores. 

From the preceding description of the geological forma- 



16 DESCRIPTION" OF THE 

tion of Campobello and its analogous character to sections 
of country that have become important as mining districts, 
it will properly be inferred that this Island may also be en- 
riched by nature with valuable mineral resources; and there 
can be no doubt that such is the case, judging from numer- 
ous indications which experience and science have es- 
tablished as conclusive of the existence of metallic deposits. 
Years ago argentiferous galena and copper pyrites were 
found at several places on the Island,which discoveries, how- 
ever, appear to have escaped the attention of enterprising 
men, although by a few limited explorations the most en- 
couraging results were obtained. In my survey of this 
Island, which was for the purpose of determining the extent 
and importance of its metallic wealth, I have taken proper 
advantage of its extensive shores, on which the rocks have 
been exposed by the action of the elements. The greater 
part of these shores I have examined at ebb tide, when they 
offer most convenient opportunities to the explorer, as the 
difference of high and low water marks amounts to twenty- 
eight feet. I shall now proceed to give a detailed account 
of all those localities where metalliferous veins make their 
appearance or indicate their presence, beginning at Deer 
Point, and thence following the coast northward around the 
Island. To avoid repetition, it may be remarked that nearly 
all the outcropping veins and leaders of lodes are chiefly and 
almost exclusively composed of quartz and calcareous spar; 
where they exhibit ore as one of their components, or contain 
other minerals of interest, such will always be especially 
noticed. 

"Wherever the extent of a number of outcropping veins is 
given in feet, it signifies their spread in a right angle to 
their course. At Deer Point outcrops of a lode are represented 
chiefly by three leaders in greenstone, which is partly inter- 
spersed with pyrites. The true bearing of these leaders 
was difficult to detect, the needle being affected by mag- 



ISLAJS'D OP CAMPOBELLO. 17 

netic masses; in one place the compass showed withhi 
fifteen feet a variation of from north 88^ west to north 65^ 
east. 

First leader on the south-west side of the point is exposed 
to a depth of eight feet, where it has a width of two and one- 
half feet, narrowing upward, and separating into two veins 
but a few inches thick. It is richly impregnated with the 
sulphurets of lead, copper and zinc, and with magnetic iron 
pyrites; course north, 8*^ west. Second leader one hundred 
and ten feet west from the first is exposed to a depth of about 
twelve feet, where it is one and one-half feet thick, narrow- 
ing upward and separating also into two branches ; it has 
been opened by a few blasts, and yielded fine bunches of ore 
of the above description, but chiefly of argentiferous galena; 
it may be traced for some distance along the beach, and re- 
appears on the north-west side of the point in scattered out- 
crops; average course north, 5^ east. Third leader, eighty 
feet west from the second, at the western extremity of the 
point; it is from eight to twelve inches thick, and contains 
the same kinds of ore as the other two; average course north, 
5® east. Besides these main leaders, there are several out- 
cropping veins from three to six inches thick, and exhibiting 
in places the same ores; one of them, between the first and 
second leader, three between the second and third leader, 
and one traversing a cliflf (below high-water mark) off the 
point. The average dip of all these leaders is about 75*^ to 
the last, but in depth the concentrated lode has probably a 
more perpendicular inclination. The surface appearances of 
this lode are of a very promising character, and it highly de- 
served a thorough exploration, which could hardly fail to 
result in valuable developments. For this purpose, I have 
located a shaft, marked on the special map of Deer Point, 
embraced in the accompanying map of the Island. This 
shaft is calculated to strike the first leader, at a depth of 
about sixty feet, taking it for granted that this front leader 



18 DESCRIPTION or THE 

of the lode assumes in its descent a more perpendicular dip 
than it shows near the surface, it being in the bottom of the 
shaft ; a cross-cut should thence be driven for the other 
leaders, and the results thereby obtained must furnish the 
directions for subsequent operations. At H. Mitchel's 
Beach, several narrow veins, showing some galena at the 
junction of greenstone and argillo-calcareous schist, the lat- 
ter being interspersed with pyrites; course about north, 25® 
east. At Robert Calder's Beach, numerous outcropping 
veins of lode, within twenty-five feet in greenstone, bordered 
west by silicious limestone ; they are from a one-half to five 
inches thick, and show the sulphurets of lead and copper; 
course north, 15® east. There is also a cluster of narrow 
cross veins. This lode is worth exploring, and a shaft should 
be sunk about ten feet east from the outcrops, a spot most 
conveniently located for such purpose. At James Calder's 
Beach, a cross course, from four to five inches thick, carry- 
ing galena and pyrites; course north, 63® east. Within 
ninety feet north of this, many irregular veins, from one-half 
to three inches thick in greenstone, bordered east by a ledge 
of argillo-ferruginous slate. 

At J. Calder's Beach and Mitchel's Point, several irregu- 
lar veins, from one-half to three inches thick in greenstone, 
bordered east by a ledge of argillo-ferruginous slate. Be- 
tween J. Calder's Beach and Mitchel's Point, several irreg- 
ular veins, from one-half to three inches thick in greenstone; 
average course north, 25® east. They are intersected by a 
number of narrow cross veins running east north-east. 

At Mitchel's Point, some outcrops in greenstone penetrat- 
ing argillo-calcareous schist, interspersed with pyrites. At 
McClellan's Beach, outcrops of a lode in greenstone mairo 
leader, about one foot thick, containing pyrites; course north, 
20® east, dip 50® north-west. Many irregular veins, from 
one to five inches thick, mostly dipping south-east. (Worth 
exploring.) 



ISLAlirD OP CAMPOBELLO. 19 

The greenstone is about one hundred feet wide, and bor- 
dered east and west by argillo-ferruginous limestone. East 
of the dyke the limestone has a dip of 45° west, and strikes 
north, 18° east; it extends east seventy feet, where it is 
again intersected by greenstone. At the junction of both 
rocks, a vein three inches thick, running north 20° east, and 
a few narrower veins. About fifty feet further east, argil- 
laceous limestone again makes its appearance, and small 
outcrops occur where it joins the greenstone. At Batson's 
Point, great many narrow veins of an irregular course in 
greenstone; among them a vein from one to four inches 
thick. South of Bald Head, numerous narrow veins of a 
varying course in greenstone. At deal's Point, a vein from 
four to six inches thick in greenstone; course north, 40° east. 
East of N^eal's Point numerous narrow veins of a varying 
course in greenstone, bordered by argillo-calcareous schist. 
At Walter Calder's Beach, a vein at the junction of green- 
stone and argillaceous limestone, exposed to a depth of 
eight or nine feet, where it is nearly three feet wide, nar- 
rowing upward into several branches; course north, 18° east. 
About one hundred feet east of this, a vein from one and a 
half to two feet thick in limestone; course north, 23° east. 
Both veins show galena and copper pyrites, and they are 
probably leaders of the same lode. (Worth exploring.) 

On the west side of Harbor de Lute, north of Levy's 
Cove, numerous narrow and irregular veins, within about 
one hundred feet, in greenstone. 

^N'ear the mouth of Levy's Cove, small outcroppings in 
greenstone, and about one hundred feet south of this a vein 
four inches thick in the same rock. 

At the mouth of Mill Creek, in the greenstone cliffs on 
either side, numerous narrow veins, of an irregular bearing. 

At the head of the Mill Pond, on its east side, a vein 
from four to eight inches thick in greenstone; course about 
north, 25° east. 



20 DESCRIPTION OF THE 

On the east side Harbor de Lute, near its. head, a number 
of veins in greenstone, interfoliated with argillaceous lime- 
stone ; they are from one. and a half to six inches thick, 
and run in an average north, 25° east, slightly intersecting 
the strata which have a strike of north, 20° east, and a dip 
of 55° south-east. 

On the north side of Davis' Cove, a few small outcrops in 
greenstone. 

At the north point of Davis' Cove, several small outcrops 
in greenstone and argillaceous limestone. 

Near the south point Jones' Cove, outcrops in green- 
stone, within sixteen feet outside and sixty feet inside of 
the Cove; amongst them, a vein from six inches to eight 
inches thick; course north, 60° east. 

At the head of Jones' Cove, a vein from five to eight 
inches thick, and a few narrower veins in greenstone. 

On the north side of Jones' Cove a vein about four inches 
thick, and a few small outcrops in greenstone. A little north 
of this, several other small outcrops. 

Between Otter and Brickkiln Coves, several veins, a few 
inches thick, and numerous narrower veins, within about 
eighty feet in greenstone and argillo-silicious limestone; 
course north, 60° east. (Worth exploring.) At the south side 
of Curry's Cove numerous narrow veins of a varying course 
w ithin about seventy feet, in greenstone, bordered south by 
argillaceous limestone. (Worth exploring.) On the north 
side Curry's Cove, near its head, along the beach, a vein sev- 
eral feet thick ; course north, 60° east. At the north point of 
Curry's Cove many outcrops, containiug otystals of tourma- 
line in greenstone and argillaceous limestone. At the north 
point of Gull Cove outcrops of a lode within about one hun- 
di-ed and tw^enty feet, in argillaceous limestone, joined north- 
west by a greenstone dyke, into which the outcrops slightly 
extend. On the south side of the point two leaders, twenty 
feet apart, each of them cropping out several feet thick; 



ISLAND OF CAMPOBELLO. 21 

bearing of east leader, north 55° east; of west leader, north 
30° east, dij) of both to the south-east. The outcrops of the 
west leader were opened by a shallow pit, and found to be 
strongly interfoliated with shaly plumbaginous slate, con- 
taining a high percentage of graphite. Bunches of pyrites 
and traces of galena were also obtained. Part of the lime- 
stone carrying these leaders is somewhat silicious ; it strikes 
north-east, and dips about 50° south-east. On the west side 
of the point several veins of a nearly vertical dip exposed to 
a depth of about twelve feet and increasing in their descent 
fi'om one-half to eight and more inches in thickness. The 
limestone adjacent to these leadei's is partly ferruginous and 
intersected by several narrow seams of greenstone, into 
which a few veins are seen to pass. The whole appearance 
of this locality offers strong inducements for its exploration. 
The outcrops are numerous and well-defined, and although 
it may be doubted that the lode would be found very pro- 
ductive until the greenstone is reached, the depth to that 
point cannot be very great, nor much exceed the depth gen- 
erally necessary for the develoiDment of a productive lode, 
while the expense of sinking in limestone and slate are con- 
siderably less than those of sinking in trap rock. The spot 
that I thought best adapted for the location of a shaft will 
be found marked by a heap of stones at the south-west cor- 
ner of an outfield, the only cultivated piece of ground on the 
little peninsula been Gull Cove and Port Owen. As to sev- 
eral local conveniences, which are items of some importance 
regarding the establishment of a mine, there could scarcely 
a more favorable place be found on the island; and in connec- 
tion herewith it may be suggested that the small island 
of Betts, a very short distance off, the point of Gull Cove 
would furnish an excellent termination for a wharf, which 
could be approached by vessels of almost any size. 

On the south-west side of Bettis Island an outcrop several 
feet thick in greenstone. On the south side of Port Owen, 



22 . DESCRIPTION OP THE 

numerous veins, some of them three and foiir inches thick in 
greenstone and argillaceous limestone ; course north, 30-40^ 
east. These outcrops, with those at the north point of Gull 
Cove, evidently belong to the same lode. These outcrops, 
with those at the north point of Gull Cove, evidently belong 
to the same lode. 

On the north side of Port Owen, numerous veins, many of 
them several inches thick, within about one hundred and 
fifty feet, in greenstone, bordered west by argillo-ferruginous 
slate; course north, 60° east. These veins appear to be in- 
tersected by a cross course running north, 75° west, and 
showing outcrops of several feet in thickness. (Worth ex- 
ploring.) At Windmill Point outcrops of a lode within one 
hundred and twenty feet, in dark argillo-calcareous and 
light silicious schist, which are in places completely blended. 
The siliceous schist is forty feet wide, and joined east by 
greenstone. There are numerous veins, many of them sev- 
eral inches thick, containing copper and iron pyrites ; course 
north, 60° east. (Worth exploring.) Between Windmill 
Point and Wilson's Beach many veins, some of them three 
and four inches thick, in argillaceous limestone; course 
north, 40-60° east. Between Wilson's Beach and Pollock 
Cove several veins, from one to five inches thick, and of an 
irregular course in greenstone. 

On the east side of Pollock Cove a cross course eighteen 
inches thick, running north, 10° west. 

At the east side of Pollock Cove many narrow and irreg- 
ular veins of greenstone. 

Between Pollock and Bulldog Coves (at a place marked 
O on the map), a number of veins from one-half to six 
inches thick, within eighty feet, in argillo-calcareous slate 
included in trap dykes ; course north, 20° east. (Worth ex- 
ploring.) In Bulldog Cove, numerous veins from one-half 
to five inches thick within one hundred and thirty feet in 
argillo-calcareous and hornblendic slates, joined east by 



ISLAND OF CAMPOBELLO. 23 

greenstone; course north, IS'' east. (Worth exploring.) On 
the east side of Black Cove, many veins a few inches thick, 
within about fifty feet in argillo-calcareous slate, joined by 
hornblendic slate and greenstone; coarse north, 20° east. A 
short distance east of this numerous small outcrops within 
sixty feet in greenstone east of Indian Beach; outcrops of 
a lode within three hundred feet in argillaceous and 
silicious limestone, penetrated by small greenstone dykes. 
There are a great many veins exposed, to a depth of about 
ten feet, from one to twelve inches thick, and of a nearly 
vertical inclination. They contain copper and iron pyrites, 
with traces of lead and ore in places lined and intermixed 
with shaly plumbaginous slate. 

I have traced this lode in a direction of north, 25'' east, to 
Galley's Beach in Head Harbor, where it makes its appear- 
ance in a similar manner, as will be described hereafter. 

An exploration of this lode, which it surely deserves, 
would probably lead to extraordinary developments, and 
should be commenced by sinking on its j)rincipal leaders 
two or three trial shafts, and connecting them at a proper 
depth by a cross-cut. 

On the Island, next to the north-east extremity of Campo- 
bello, several outcrops, two of them from eight inches to 
four feet thick, within ninety feet in greenstone, bordered 
west by argillaceous limestone. On the north side of Head 
Harbor Island, east of the beach along the shore, a vein 
from four to ten inches thick, and several narrower veins in 
greenstone, and at the junction of this rock with argillo- 
ferruginous and silicious limestone; course north 48° east, 
dip south-east. A little distance east of this, numerous 
narrow veins and a few from three to six inches thick, of a 
varying course in greenstone. 

On the east side of Head Harbor Island in a small cove, 
some veins a few inches thick, in greenstone, near its 
junction with silicious limestone; course north, 25° east. 



24 DESCRIPTION OF THE 

On the south side of Head Harbor Island, near its south-east 
extremity, numerous narrow veins in greenstone; course 
north, 25° south-east, dip east. About eighty feet west of 
this, many irregular veins, some a few inches thick, in 
silicious limestone. A little further west, near the beach, a 
few veins from one-half to three inches thick, in greenstone; 
course north, 25° east. 

At about the middle of the south shore of Head Harbor 
Island, small outcrops in greenstone, bordered west by 
argillo-ferruginous slate. Lead ore is reported to have been 
obtained by Indians and others from a pit now filled with 
earth. A little west of this other small outcrops; some dis- 
tance further west, a vein from eighteen to ten inches thick, 
and several narrower ones of an irregular course, in green- 
stone, bordered east by argillaceous slate, and west by 
siHcious schist. Still further west a large scattered vein, 
and a few narrow veins in greenstone. 

On the north side of Head Harbor near to its north-east 
point several small outcrops. A little south-west of this 
several other outcrops, a few of them large and scattered. 

About one hundred and fifty feet north-east of Gralley's 
Beach, a number of veins from one to ten inches thick, 
within about twelve feet in a greenstone dyke, bordered by 
vertical layers of argillaceous slate, which again, on either 
side, are joined by greenstone; course of veins about north, 
10** east. At the north-east end of Galley's Beach, numerous 
veins within about two hundred feet in greenstone, argillaceous 
slate, silicious schist, and limestone. The strata stand about 
vertical, penetrated by small greenstone dykes. The veins 
are exposed to a depth of about fifteen feet; several of them 
are from five to ten inches thick, increasing as they descend, 
and slightly dipping towards each other; they show copper 
and iron pyrites; course north, 25° east. These outcrops, 
with those east of Indian Beach, belong to the same lode. 



ISLAJTD OF OAMPOBELLO. 25 

(Worth exploring.) South-west of Galley's Beach, along 
the shore, many small outcrops in greenstone. 

At about the middle of Head Harbor a number of veins 
from one to five and eight inches thiclr, most of them 
scarcely exposed, in greenstone (forming a pseudo stra- 
tum), argillaceous slate, and silicious limestone. (Worth 
exploring.) 

South-west of l^ewman's smoke-house, a vein from five to 
eight inches thick, and several narrower ones in greenstone, 
intersecting argillaceous slate. A little south-west of this, 
a vein from one to three feet thick, and a few small out- 
crops in the same rock, ^ear the Mill-dam a vein about 
eight inches thick, and several narrow veins in greenstone. 

On the south side of Head Harbor near .a fishing-house 
opposite l!^ewman's, a few small outcrops. Korth-east of 
this, some other outcrops. At the projecting point within 
the harbor, many narrow and irregular veins in greenstone. 
At the south-east point of Head Harbor, opposite Head 
Harbor Island and along Searle's beach, numerous veins 
from one and a half to four inches thick, within about three 
hundred feet in three greenstone dykes, penetrating argillo- 
calcareous slate; course of veins north, 40 to 41° east. 
(Worth exploring.) 

About one hundred and twenty feet south of this, several 
other veins, from one to eight and sixteen inches thick; of a 
varying course, within eighty feet in greenstone, bordered by 
argillaceous limestone dipping north-west. (Worth explor- 
ing.) Still further south, in a small cove, several narrow 
veins in greenstone. 

On the north side of Mill Cove some small outcrops in 
greenstone. 

Between Mill Cove and Eastern Pond the coast remains 
unexamined, as the elements were too unpropitious, and the 
rocks too high and steep to permit a survey of this portion 
of the shores. Moreover, an inspection of the outcrop of 



26 DESCRIPTION OF THE 

metalliferous lodes which may exist there must prove of 
little consequence, as the ruggedness and inconvenience of 
the locality w^ould render mining operations too difficult 
and expensive. On the ledge, off the north point of 
Raccoon Beach, several veins from one to ten inches thick, 
in greenstone and argillaceous limestone; course north, 
65° east; dip, south-east. 

South of the Raccoon Beach, three different veins from 
five to eight inches thick, several hundred feet apart, and 
many intermediate narrower veins in greenstone; course 
about north, 20° east. 

North of Rugged Beach, numerous veins from one to 
twelve inches thick, within about two hundred feet in green- 
stone and argillaceous limestone ; they dip 40-45® north- 
west and south-east towards each other, and one of them, a 
few inches thick, is richly filled with copper and iron pyrites; 
course north, 15-20® east. (Worth exploring, but rather in- 
conveniently situated.) A little further towards the beach, 
two veins, about six and ten inches thick, several hundred 
feet apart in greenstone ; course about nortii, 30® dip south- 
east. On the east side of Ocean Point several outcrops in 
greenstone. 

On the south side of Ocean Point a vein five inches thick 
and several narrower veins within about eighty feet in green- 
stone ; average course north, 20® east, dip south-east. Be- 
tween Ocean and Liberty Points several outcrops in green- 
stone and argillaceous limestone. 

On the south-west side of Liberty Point several irregular 
veins, a few inches thick, in greenstone and argillaceous 
limestone. Some distance north-west of this, a vein from 
eight to fourteen inches thick, and many narrow veins 
within about thirty feet in greenstone ; course of main vein 
north, 15® east dip, 50® south-east. Still further north-west, 
a vein from six to ten inches thick, and several narrow veins 
within fifty or sixty feet in greenstone ; course of main vein 



ISLAND OF CAMPOBELLO. 27 

north, 40^ east, dip 52® south-east. On the eastern exten- 
sion of Gooseberry Ledge, near the shore, several veins, a 
few inches thick, within fourteen feet, in greenstone, bor- 
dered by argillaceous limestone ; course north, 45° east. 

At the southern extremity of Godfrey Ledge, outcrops of 
a lode, represented chiefly by six leaders, within about one 
hundred feet in greenstone. First leader from six to twelve 
inches thick ; course north, 45 '^ east. Second leader ten 
inches thick; north, 20"^ east. Third leader, from eight to 
twelve inches thick; north, 20° east. Fourth leader from 
four to ten inches thick, north, 32° east. Fifth leader, from 
six to twelve inches thick; north, 55° east. Sixth leader, 
from one to four feet thick; north, 40° east. 

All these leaders contain the sulphurets of lead, zinc, 
copper and iron, the former ore being predominant, and 
showing itself abundantly in several leaders, where it 
became exposed through the action of the sea. This spot 
has at different times been imperfectly explored, and by 
means of a few blasts large lumps of argentiferous galena 
were repeatedly obtained. Beside the main leaders above 
noticed, many veins a few inches thick may be observed on 
the ledge by removing the sea-plants, with which it is 
thickly overgrown. 

On account of the unfavorable situation of Godfrey 
Ledge for mining operations, I have devoted particular 
attention to the task of tracing the magnificent lode which 
shows itself there on the main land of Campobello, in order 
to find a more suitable place for its exploration; but I regret 
to say that I have not been able to accomplish my purpose. 
"With the exception of a gradual rising hill, on which hardly 
a bare rock and no vein indications could be found, the 
whole tract of land for over two miles in the direction in 
which this ledge appears to bear, is low and in part swampy, 
covered with a luxuriant primary vegetation, in a deep, 
dark-brown soil, and no rocks, but a few scattered boulders 
show themselves on the surface. The shore clpposite the 



28 DESCKIPTION OF THE 

ledge in the direction of the course of the lode is also bare 
of rocks, consisting of a bed of sand and gravel, and the 
only outcrop that I have found which may be regarded as 
belonging to the lode in question, and which will be referred 
to hereafter, is on a small island, the largest one of the 
three lying in front of the Cove north of Godfrey Ledge. 
The sinking of a trial-shaft on this Island, and extensive 
cross-cutting underwood, would in my opinion be the only 
practical manner of exploring this lode remote from the 
ledge; but considering, on the one side, the expenses and 
uncertainty of such an exploration, and, on the other side, 
the difficulties, yet certainty of success connected with an 
opening of this lode on the ledge, I should deem the latter 
alternative preferable. The highest water-mark is about 
ten feet above the ledge. A well-constructed coffer-dam, from 
twenty to twenty-two feet in height, erected on the solid 
foundations of the ledge, would form a sufficient protection 
of a shaft against the action of the water ; on which point 
I have consulted with several persons well acquainted with 
the locality, and familiar with the element to be combated, 
who all agreed with what I have just stated. The coffer- 
dam should be so constructed as to present a sharp-edged 
front to the sea, in order to break, during violent storms, 
the swell of the water, which, moreover, is considerably 
moderated at this point by the Gooseberry Ledges breaking 
the waves before they reach the Godfrey Ledge. To such 
a coffer-dam a further protection would soon be continually 
added by the gangue raised from the shaft and thrown down 
around the base of the dam. As during the summer 
months, until October or November, storms and gales are 
inmsual m this region, the work should be commenced in 
May. At the beginning, it could be prosecuted only for 
about six hours each day, according to the time in wbich 
the ebb-tide falls; but as the work progresses, the hours 
available for labor will also increase. On the largest of the 



ISLAND OF CAMPOBELLO. 29 

three small islands at the mouth of the Cove north of God- 
frey Ledge, a vein several inches thick, and a few nar- 
rower veins in greenstone ; course north, 20° east. 

East of Cranberry Point, at Mr. Court's Beach, outcrops 
within about one hundred and fifty feet in greenstone. 1st. 
A vein from five to ten inches thick, showing galena and 
copper pyi^ites ; course north, 43° east. 2d. Several veins, 
a few inches thick (near the smoking-house) ; course north, 
45° east. 3d. A vein four inches thick; course north, 55° y 
east. 4th. A vein several feet thick, containing coj^per 
pyrites and greenstone, intermixed with the common 
gangue; course north, 30° east, dip south-east. (Worth ex- 
ploring.) At Cranberry Point, several veins, .a few inches 
thick, and of a varying course in greenstone. 

N^orth of Cranberry Point (at a place marked O on the 
map), outcrops within about five hundred feet, in greenstone. 
1st. A vein eighteen inches thick, and another one from one 
to four inches thick. 2d. A vein from ten to fifteen inches 
thick ; course north, 30° east. 3d. A vein from five to twelve 
inches thick, north 33° east, and several narrower vems. 4th. 
A vein ten inches thick; north, 55° east. 5th. Several nar- 
row veins; north, 45° east. 6th. JSTumerous very narrow 
veins; average course north, 65° west. 

On the south side of Ship Cove numerous very narrow 
veins, within five hundred feet, in greenstone ; course north- 
east. (Worth exploring.) 

At the south-west point of Snug Cove, many veins, from 
one to fifteen inches thick, within sixteen feet, in greenstone ; 
course north, 28-30° east, dip south-east. "Within twenty-five 
feet east of these, some other veins, a few inches thick. 
(Worth exploring.) 

At the head of Snug Cove, on its south-west side, near the 
creek, a vein from one to two feet thick, and many narrow 
veins, within about four hundred feet, in greenstone, pene- 
trating argillaceous limestone; average course north, 30° east 
(Worth exploring.) 



30 DESCRIPTION OF THE 

On the south-west of Friar's Head, numerous veins, from 
one-half to five inches thick, containing pyi'ites, within forty- 
five feet, in greenstone, bordered west by argillaceous lime- 
stone; average course north, 10° east. 

On the north and east side of Friar's Head, many scat- 
tered and several joining veins, from one to six inches thick, 
in greenstone, bearing north-east. East of the creek, at th^ 
head of Friar's Bay, a number of small outcrops in green- 
stone. At the head of Friar's Bay, near Welshpool, many 
veins, from one to eight inches thick, showing galena and 
copper pyrites, within one hundred and fifty feet, in green- 
stone, bordered west by argillaceous limestone ; course north, 
6° east (needle in places unsteady) . (Worth exploring.) 

Having thus finished with the account of my examination 
of the coast of Campobello, I have yet to add some remarks 
on outcrops of metalliferous lodes which occur on this island. 
On the top of Rocky Hill a great number of narrow veins, 
spreading over sixty feet, and bearing north-east, in green- 
stone, bordered south-east and north-west by argillaceous 
limestone, l^ear the road, a few hundred yards south-east 
of Welshpool, many narrow, irregular veins in greenstone. 
Along the road north of Bunker Hill several scattered out- 
crops. 

On the north side of the road from Port Owen to Head 
Harbor, about middle ways, at a low place enclosed by 
fences, large outcrops, within about twenty feet, extending 
into the road. (Worth exploring.) Along the road further 
towards Head Harbor, many other outcrops. 

Between Head Harbor Mill Pond and Pollock Cove, out- 
crops, twenty-five feet wide, bearing north, 60° east, and 
within one hundred and thirty feet north-west of them, many 
outcrops in greenstone, bordered by argillaceous limestone. 
(Worth exploring.) Between this and Wilson's Beach, a 
number of scattered outcrops, some of them several feet in 
width. 



ISLAND OF CAMPOBELLO. * 31 

If the exploration of a virgin mining-ground like that of 
Campobello is to be carried on with some certainty of suc- 
cess, and time and money not to be squandered by useless 
excavations, it is not enough that the explorer be acquainted 
with the surface indications of a lode, and know how to 
effect an opening; but it is also necessary that he should 
have a clear understanding of the nature of the ground in 
which the metalliferous lodes exist, of their relation to the 
surrounding rocks, their origin and formation. Without 
this guiding knowledge, resulting from a close and compar- 
ative investigation of local occurrences, with reference to 
scientific truths and facts established by experience, even a 
practical miner may easily be misled by the superficial exhi- 
bitions of a lode and give preference to inferior localities, 
while places more deserving his attention remain neglected. 
In the following I will endeavor to give such statements 
relating to the indications and nature of the metal-bearing 
lodes on this island as I trust will establish theu- true char- 
acter, and, at the same time, may furnish a guide to the 
explorer : — 

GENERAL FACTS. 

1st. The metalliferous lodes on the island of Campobello 
are observed chiefly at or near the junction of the igneous 
and sedimentary rocks. Then' outcropping veins, which are 
often very numerous, and in general exclusively in the 
greenstone trap, but occasionally, also, in the adjacent slate, 
yet, in some instances, the outcrops occur in the greenstone 
at quite a distance from the slate, viz. : Deer Point, Godfrey 
Ledge, etc. 2d. The course of these veins lies, with a few 
exceptions, between north-north-east and east-north-east — 
west-south-west parallel to the general direction of the trap 
dykes. 3d. Their general inclination is approaching the 
perpendicular, and commonly to the south-east, though sin- 
gle leaders often show, near the surface, a more horizontal 
dip. They always intersect, at various angles, the strata 



32 ■ DESCRIPTION OF THE 

and laminae of the slate. 4tli. It is almost invariably found 
that the outcropping veins increase as they descend, and in 
numerous instances it may be observed along the shores 
that veins being vertically exposed, and scarcely a finger 
thick upon the upper surface, have gained, at a depth of ten 
. or twelve feet, a thickness of six inches and upwards, fre- 
quently joining other veins, and forming leaders from one to 
three feet in width. Similar results may be obtained by 
shallow excavations. 5th. Outcropping veins, occurring 
either in the slate or at its junction with the greenstone, are 
usually larger than those in the latter rock; they consist 
chiefly of quartz and calcareous spar, but are rather scant of 
ore, which is comparatively much more frequent in those 
narrow veins composed of the same minerals traversing the 
greenstone. 6th. Large outcrops in greenstone, also, often 
exhibit little ore, with which, however, in the form of sul- 
phurets, the rock itself is then found to be unpregnated to 
some extent from the outcrops — which is seldom or not at 
all the case, when the outcrops consist, as m general, of 
many narrow veins. 7th. On the northern part of the 
island, the outcrops of several lodes are bordered by plum- 
baginous slate, proving the action of intense heat. 8th. 
Yeins occurrmg in slate are frequently seen passing into the 
adjacent greenstone, while there is hardly an instance of the 
reverse. 

REFERENCES. 

In mining districts, of a formation similar to that of Cam- 
pobello (viz. : parts of England, Germany, Scandinavia, 
etc.), the surface appearance of metalliferous lodes which 
have extensively and advantageously been worked, are very 
much the same as above described. Experience has shown, 
1st. That a formation of trappean dykes, traversing the po- 
zaic and paleozoic rocks, is. one of the most favorable to the 
production of rich and reliable lodes. 2d. That such lodes 
run mostly parallel with the dykes and ridges of Plutonic 



ISLAKD OF CAMPOBELLO. 33 

rocks ; following the lines of dislocation of the earth's crust, 
which generally lie between north-north-east, south-south- 
west and east-north-east and west-south-west. 3d. That their 
dip, which is commonly to the south-east, approaches the 
perpendicular, and that they always intersect the strata of 
the sedimentary rocks through which they pass. 4th. That 
they increase in size and productiveness as they descend. 
5th. That they are in general most productive at or near the 
junction of stratified and unstratified rocks. 

rNTERE:NrCES. 

From the facts above stated, no person versed in geology 
and mming will entertain a doubt but that the veins on the 
Island of Campobello are true, or what is commonly termed 
fissure- veins. A great deal of confusion yet prevails among 
scientific and unscientific men. A fissure-vein, in the gen- 
eral acceptation of the term, is a vein, the contents of which 
were injected from below into a fissure pre-existing in the 
rock. The idea that a metalliferous lode be formed through 
the injection of fused metal into a fissure is to me quite 
incomprehensible. It would unply that beneath the solid 
earth-crust masses of metal were existing in a fused state, 
distinct from the bulk of fused rocks ; a supposition which 
I deem by no means acceptable, and almost preposterous. 
The assumption, however, that fissures in the rocks become 
filled with ore by the sublimation of metallic vapors ascend- 
ing from the interior of the earth has a better foundation; 
and this manner of decomposition is, to a limited extent, 
probably, applicable to the majority of lodes, at least in 
relation to the non-metallic substances therein contained. 
But, on the whole, the production of metal-bearing veins, 
and especially of those in and at the borders of Plutonic 
rocks, must be assigned to other causes. All the observa- 
tions made in regard to the occurrence of metalliferous 
lodes on Campobello support the following theory of their 



34 . DESCKIPTION OF THE 

formation, and in general of the origin of a large class of 
true lodes ; when the melted masses of trappean rocks having 
been thrown up from the interior of our globe to the sm^- 
face became solidified by cooling off, they necessarily con- 
tracted, in consequence whereof, cracks or fissures were 
produced. It is self-evident that the cooling of the fused 
masses took place earliest and quickest along these borders 
when they were in contact with the intruded rocks ; and as 
it is further equally certain that the quicker the cooling the 
greater was the chance for the formation and increased size 
of fissures, it follows that they must be found chiefly and 
widest at and near the junction of trappean dykes with the 
penetrated rocks, and extend parallel to the dii'ection of the 
dykes. Fm'ther, if it were not known to be actually the 
case, it would surely be inferred, by reflecting that m sedi- 
mentary rocks near the junction with the igneous, fissures 
also exist, caused partly by the mechanical action of the 
upheaved rocks upon the stratified, which were broken up 
and displaced partly by the physical action of the former 
upon the latter rocks, which by the unparted heat expanded 
and subsequently contracted. Regarding the origin and 
decomposition of ore contained in veins existing in igneous 
rocks, an important clue is furnished : — first, by the occa- 
sional presence of ore in the solid rock, remote from the 
•veins; second, by the veins often passing with insensible 
graduation into the including rock, which proves then' con- 
temporaneous origin; and, third, by the conunon observa- 
tion that narrow veins to a certain depth are comparatively 
richer in ore than wide ones, which latter abound in gangue. 
These facts, together with many corresponding proofs col- 
lected in different mining districts, which to detail would here 
lead too far, have brought me to the conclusion that the met- 
als in lodes occurring in greenstone, and probably in all the 
unstratified rocks, originally formed a component part of the 
mass of these rocks, from which, while in a yielding state, 



ISLAIO) OF CAMPOBELLO. 35 

they separated under the influence of terrestrial electric cur- 
rents, and were deposited in fissures contemporaneously 
forming by the gradual cooling and consequent contraction 
of the rocks as above stated. Whenever a rapid cooling of 
the fused masses took place, thus giving insufficient tune for 
the segregation of the metals, it follows that they were separ- 
ated only to a certain extent, remaining partially in the rock, 
whereas the separation must have been necessarily more 
complete when the cooling took place more gradually. The 
solidification of the rocks naturally grew slower as it de- 
scended; hence it is found that the metallic contents of lodes 
increase with their depth. This explanation does not ex- 
clude the probability that a portion of the metal or certain 
metals contained in lodes, and particularly the sulphur, phos- 
phorus, etc., with which, as ores, they are combined, may 
have been deposited by the sublimation of vapors ascending 
from the melted masses beneath. 

I will now close this report with a few practical remarks 
upon the manner in which the exploration of metalliferous 
lodes like those on the island of Campobello should be con- 
ducted. 

At first the bearing and spread of the outcropping veins 
must be accurately ascertained, if necessary, by means of cross- 
trenches. If the[veins are not vertical, exposed so as to show 
their inclination, the principal leaders should be uncovered 
to a depth of from six to ten or twelve feet, in order to deter- " 
mine their dip before a shaft is located, which shaft must be 
accomplished with the. utmost care; for on this point not 
unfrequently depends the whole fate of a mining enterprise. 
It may be considered a principle that all expensive work 
performed at a mine should not be merely a temporary, but 
also of subsequent use; therefore, the sinking of narrow 
trial-shafts, particularly to a great depth, must, as much as 
possible, be avoided. Whether a shaft be sunk five by seven 
or six by eight feet, makes comparatively no great difference 



36 DESCRIPTION OF THE 

in regard to the expense ; but whilst a wider one, after hav- 
ing served its first purpose of opening the lode, may be con- 
veniently used as a working-shaft, a narrow one will prove of 
little further use except for ventilation. After the opera- 
tions have to some extent progressed, and it becomes neces- 
sary either to increase its width, which is an expensive and 
highly inconvenient affair, delaying the whole progress of 
underwood working, or to sink a wider shaft, thus contain- 
ing dead labor while productive work might be carried on. 
As a general rule, the first shaft shoidd be calculated to 
strike the lode at a depth of no less than one hundred and 
twenty feet, and must be at least six to eight feet wide. 
Adopting the ten-fathom system, to which most miners in this 
country are accustomed, a cross-cut may be driven to the 
lode at a depth of sixty feet. Should it happen that the 
lode, when it is struck, were found to be of no very promis- 
ing appearance, this must not at once discourage the ex- 
plorer. A short driving on its course may entirely change 
the aspect, for the cross-cut might acccidentally have struck 
" ore falls," which are characteristic features of a lode, as its 
bearings and dip. The shaft operations may, to a depth of 
sixty feet, generally be performed by means of a windlass, 
when afterwards the erection of a whin becomes necessary. 

What the Hon. Thomas Wyer, M.P. says : — 

"timber and lumber. 

" The Island of Campobello has been thoroughly explored 
by Jacob Allan, Esq., Deputy Surveyor and Commissioner 
of Crown Lands, who certifies that there is now standing a 
sufficient quantity of spruce and pine, of the finest growth 
for saw-logs, to keep four double saw-mills going for the 
space of forty years, that is perpetually, besides a large 
quantity of black birch of the first quality for ship-timber 
and other purposes, as well as a good deal of excellent 



ISLA^iTD OF CAMPOBELLO. 37 

cedar, beech, and maple, and that the land throughout the 
Island is of the best description for agricultural purposes, 
as by reference to Mr. Allan's certificate will more fully 
appear." 

The report referred to says : — 

" I will now proceed to give you a brief description of 
the timber, its growth and quality, having an exploration 
through the most part of it. The growth generally is 
spruce and black birch, intermixed with beech and maple. 
!Near Mill Cove there is a good deal of excellent cedar, and 
some good pine; by reference to the plan I have made, you 
will observe its situation. In the first place you will see 
that along the western shore the improvements and erec- 
tions are made; but none of them extend far into the inte- 
rior of the Island, and generally at their termination the 
timber begins and extends along and through the Island. 
At the lower or southern end, around the Duck-pond, the 
land is low, and soi?ie places healthy ; yet there are large 
bodies of good spruce, with a mixture of fine size for mill- 
purposes, and the birch for square timber and for ship-build- 
ing of any size; and so it continues in fine and extensive 
bodies until you reach Head Harbor, and on the eastern side 
of Head Harbor to the extremity of the Island. 

" This Island affords such a large quantity of excellent ship- 
timber, tiiat ship-building could be carried on there to great 
advantage ; and it is a well-known fact, that the growth of 
timber on those islands suiToimded by the salt water is much 
superior and far more durable than the timber on the fresh- 
water rivers. 

" From the situation I hold as Deputy Commissioner of 
Crown Lands and Forests, it has been my incumbent duty 
to ascertain the value of the land, and the quality and value 
of timber thereon by estimation ; and from the pains I took 
in the present instance in making the exploration of the 



38 DESCRIPTION OF THE 

Island, I feel fully satisfied that the following estimate, upon 
further exploration, will be found rather under the quality 
than over it. In the first place, to the best of my judgment, 
there are about two thousand acres cleared and fit for culti- 
vation; about five thousand acres heavily timbered with 
spruce and black birch, averaging of spruce at least four 
thousand superficial feet per acre; about three thousand 
acres not so heavily timbered, averaging of spruce two 
thousand five hundred feet per acre ; of the birch, and other 
timber before mentioned, I cannot give anything like a cor- 
rect average, and must therefore refer you to my general 
observations on that head. As to cord wood for fuel, I 
should judge that there are eight thousand acres that would 
average at least fifteen cords per acre. In making the fore- 
going estimate, I have not taken into consideration any of 
the spruce under ten inches in diameter; of those there is 
an immense nmnber; and where there is such a continual 
succession of growth, so very thrifty as those all appear, 
there will not for many years be a >yant of logs; and I 
think that were four double saw-mills put into operation 
there would be logs sutficient to supply them for forty years. 
In giving an opinion as to the value of the Island in its 
present state, I am governed by the quantity of timber, 
taking its value as standing — the value of the land without 
the timber, and the value of the buildings thereon, belong- 
ing to the proprietor of the Island. After making all allow- 
ances for waste lands, etc., I cannot estunate it at less than 
£60,000 ; * and by adding to this all the advantages the 
Island possesses in mill privileges, and in a commercial 
point of view, it would, of course, bear a much higher esti- 
mate. 

" I am, sir, your obedient servant, 

"Jacob Allan, 

" Deputy Com. of Crown Lands, and Deputy Surveyor." 

* This report was made more than thirty years ago; since which time values of lands, timber, fish- 
eries, etc., have increased more than four foid. 



ISLAI^D OP CAMPOBELLO. 39 

This estimate was made nearly forty years ago. This 
Island has mcreased m value seven-fold since that tune. 



COMMERCIAL PURPOSES. 

Its western coast is everywhere most comraodiously 
adapted for commercial purposes and for the fisheries; and 
by order of His Majesty in Council, in April, 1835, it was 
constituted a free warehousing port. 

The northern parts of the Island form one side of the 
channel by which the pollock fish enter intheir season, and 
with the adjacent islets belonging to it are immediately on 
the fishing-ground for cod, hake, haddock, herring and 
mackerel, and is also the ship channel to St. Andrews, St. 
George, St. Stephen, Calais and Eastport, all towns of mer- 
cantile importance. On the eastern side of the Island there 
are several fine coves and valuable beaches, well calculated for 
fishing establishments; among the number are Mill Cove, 
Schooner Cove and Herring Cove. These are worthy of 
particular attention, the former as affording a very snug 
harbor, especially for small craft, with a fine beach, and at 
the head of which there is a good mill privilege, where a 
grist-mill formerly stood; the last is truly valuable, as being 
peculiarly well adapted for the herring fishery. 



THE FISHERIES. 
The Island of Campobello being the most favorably sit- 
uated on any station in the Bay of Fundy for conducting an 
extensive fishing business, independent of its other resources, 
presents an excellent opening for a large capital being 
embarked in the prosecution of the cod, scate, mackerel and 
herring fishery; and indeed it is almost impossible to say to 
what extent it may be carried on, for the water here 
abounds in fish of the various descriptions usually taken on 
the shores of this continent. 



40 • DESCRIPTION^ OF THE 

The Island also affords a favorable opening for conducting 
the South Sea Whale Fishery, and is admirably situated for 
the sending of large quantities of the manufactures of 
Great Britain ; also for the heavy articles of salt and coal 
and fishing supplies. It would be needless to fix on any 
sum as a remunerating profit for the capital invested, but 
there cannot be a doubt it will be equal to any corporated 
company in British North America, which, together with 
the true value of the Island, offers to capitalists advantages 
seldom to be met with. 

From our knowledge of the Island of Campobello and its 
resources, we do not hesitate in certifying our belief that 
the remarks made on the trade that may be carried on are 
within moderate bounds. 

'John Wilson, 
James Douglas, 
James Campbell, 
W. H. Street, 

J. & H. KiNNEAR, 
EOBERT W. CrOOKSHANK. 

Dated St. Andrews, 2d Jan., 1872. 



SITUATION OF THE ISLAND. 

The Island is beautifully situated in the Passamaquoddy 
Bay, opposite the towns of Eastport and Lubec, in the 
State of Maine. It contains about twelve thousand acres of 
land, is ten miles in length and averages two miles in 
breadth, and contains about fifteen hundred inhabitants. It 
has the advantage of excellent harbors, and of being a free 
warehousing port. 

Friar's Bay is so extensive as to ofier a most com- 
modious harbor for ships of any size. Harbor de Lute is 
also fine and commodious, and extends into the centre of the 
Island, at the head of which a number of mills are being 
worked to great advantage, vessels of large size being able 



ISLAND OF CAMPOBELLO. 41 

to approach close to them. Curry's Cove lies opposite 
Eastport, and is one of the best harbors, particiilarlj_ftHL 
small craft, and for fishing estMi^hrn^jb^as^^^^^xr^^^T^U along 
the western shorp of tlie island there is no want of good 
harbors and excellent privileges for the fishing business 



MILL PRIVILEGES AND HARBORS. 
Head Harbor is another valuable harbor, being pro- 
tected on the eastern side by Penguin or Head Harbor 
Island. Vessels of any size can run in at any time 
of tide, and proceed to sea again by way of the island 
channel without difficulty. This harbor having the ad- 
vantage of the lighthouse, makes it very much frequented 
by all the pilots, and particularly the coasting vessels. 
At the head there are also fine mills, surrounded by 
plenty of timber. Then to proceed round the eastern shore : 
Mill Cove is a snug little harbor, has a good mill privilege, 
and, like Head Harbor, abounds in a great quantity of ex- 
cellent spruce, a large quantity of cedar, and some pine. 
The shore from thence down to Herring Cove presents a 
bold appearance; but the Island throughout is beautifully 
covered with fine spruce and birch of large size. Herring 
Cove is a remarkable place, and truly valuable as a herring 
fishery; from thence down the shore is bold, and the Island 
presents nothing calling for particular remark, till you ap- 
proach the N^arrows, except being well covered with timber. 



MINERALS AND SHIP-BUILDING TIMBER. 
The Island is rich in mineral resources, copper, lead, sil- 
ver, iron and coal mines being already found there. For 
fishing, it is said to be one of the best places in the world. 
The Island affords such a large quantity of excellent timber 
that ship-building can be carried on there to great advan- 
tage ; the Island being surrounded by salt water, the growth 

6 



42 DESCRIPTION or THE 

of the timber is said to be mucli superior to that on fresh 
^aialer rivers, and far more durable; and those who best 
know say liij^sv ese^slp cdtjanY size could be built here at half 
the cost of construction on the United States shores, to rate 
and insure equally as well as any of our own vessels. The 
value of the timber now standing is estimated to be $600,000. 



SHIP BUILDING. 

Cosmopolitan Hotel, N. Y., March 20, 1872. 
Col. C. a. Stevens, 61 Broadway, Room 33. 

Deae Sir, — With reference to your inquiry about the ship-building 
interest in the United States and in the province of New Brunswick, I beg 
to inform you that the cost of material and labor in the provinces is very 
much less than in the United States. 

Our government duty on fastening anchors, chains, rigging, canvas and 
outfits are so great that a wood ship of 1,000 tons' register, made to rate 
Al for nine years, has cost within two years past all the way from $75,000 
to $120,000. 

The ship " Jean Ingelow," built in Portsmouth, N. H., now owned by 
Capt. J. G. Moses and others, has cost her present owners about $70,000. 
The builder, Wm. Fernald, Esq., lost on hull and spars $18,000, making 
together $88,000. 

The ship "Frolic," Capt. John Bush, built in Mystic, and about the size 
of the " Jean Ingelow," has cost, when ready for sea in New York, $120,000. 
At the same time an Al ship for eight years was built in St. Stephen's, 
N. B., by contract, for £7 per ton ; she was 900 tons' register, and cost 
when ready for sea in ballast about $31,500. This vessel would carry 
about the same amount of dead weight as either of the other two before 
mentioned. 

I think, from the knowledge I have of Campobello, the facilities for ship 
building that island affords is not surpassed by any place in the world. 

My reference for ship " Jean Ingelow," Capt. J. G. Moses, Portsmouth, 
N. H. My reference for ship "Frolic," Capt. John Bush, of Portsmouth, 
N. H. My reference for the St. Stephen's, N. B., ship, Messrs. Bolton 
& Chipman, St. Stephen's, N. B. 

Respectfully, your obed't servant, 

J. M. HiLt. 



isla:nd op campobello. 43 

From the :N'. Y. Herald, March 31st, 1872. 

" BLAINE, LYN^OH & HALE, ON SHIP-BUILDING BELI EF. 

" It appears from^ our^Y-^^.^^^^^r.^^^rrrr-news tnat therepre- 
sentativf^s "^ Congress from Maine are very active to get 
some aid, which they call relief, for the ship-building interest. 
Speaker Blaine and two of his colleagues from Maine — 
Messrs. Lynch and Hale — have succeeded in obtaining 
consent to insert a clause in the Tariff Bill in favor of ship- 
building. We are not informed of the precise nature of the 
proposed protection; but judging from the well-known views 
of these Maine gentlemen, we have no doubt it will call for 
enough in the way of a bonus, drawbacks or subsidies. The 
Speaker appears to be lending his influence to the supposed 
interest of his own State or section, or to that of a small 
class in it, regardless of great national interests. What the 
country urgently needs to restore its mercantile, marine, 
and shipping interests, is free trade in ships and ship-build- 
ing materials. If Congress would repeal the Registry Law, 
allow our capitalists to buy or build vessels where they 
could get them cheapest, and thus restore the tonnage of 
the country and profits of the carrying trade, more would 
be saved in a year than all the ship-yards in Maine are worth. 
Ship-building would revive afterwards with the increase of 
our mercantile marine development of commerce and gen- 
eral progress of the country. Anything short of free trade 
in ships will be trifling with a matter of the greatest na- 
tional importance." 

By putting the above quotation in this circular we do not 
mean to indorse its measures as to our mercantile marine, 
but to illustrate that »o far as the value of our ship-building 
materials on the Island of Campobello is concerned, it 
matters not, for if we (Americans) are allowed to " build 
or buy vessels where they could be had cheapest," then we 
will build them in Harbor de Lute. If we have free trade 



44 DESCRIPTION OP THE 

« 

in ship-building materials, then we will bring our timber, 
etc. (which is the most valuable on the eastern coast) to the 
:ftaiiets^_^And still the supplies of labor, food 
and clothing are inucir~cTTeKpei- -t jJi^j[siand, as well as all 
ship-stores, etc. " • -^ 



CALCULATION. 

According to the report of the Surveyor of Crown 
Lands, there are five thousand acres heavily timbered with 
spruce, etc., ranging of spruce four thousand feet per acre, 
or twenty million feet, and three thousand acres of two 
thousand five hundred feet to the acre, or seven million five 
hundred thousand feet,making an aggregate of twenty-seven 
million five hundred thousand feet. Bnt he says this estimate 
does not include spruce " under ten inches in diameter," and 
" there is such a continual succession of growth, so very 
thrifty, etc.," all calculated to indicate this a very low estimate. 
After the timber is taken ofi", he says there are eight thousand 
acres of cord wood for fuel that will average at least fifteen 
cords to the acre, an aggregate of one hundred and twenty 
thousand cords of wood. 

The Harbor de Lute is over two miles long, and about 
one-half mile wide, but much narrower in places. It has a 
tide of twenty-seven feet, and is therefore a natural dry- 
dock, and of unequalled advantages for ship-building. (See 
map.) 

"We are indebted to Mr. Henry W. Wiggins for the fol- 
lowing lively 

DESCRIPTION or THE SCENERY. 

The business advantages of the Island have hitherto been 
less regarded than its attractions as a pleasant and beautiful 
summer resort, which year by year have been more and more 
appreciated, and which bid fair to make it before long, if 
pains be taken, a most popular watering-place. Its situa- 



ISLAND OF CAMPOBELLO. 45 

tion is well adapted for this, for it is easily accessible from 
the States via the steamers from Boston and Portland, which 
touch at Eastport, Me., and St. John, IS". B. ; and though 
hitherto no effort has be_en. ix»i^^ +— ;,x.i,=rov^ , ioicui » to come, 
the number — oi strangers who pass part of the summer 
months here have yearly increased; the fresh sea-breezes, 
beautiful scenery, and wild, woodland walks, appearing to 
compensate more than enough for the want of better accom- 
modation than the few farm-houses which receive lodgers 
can afford. 

The large hotel which has lately been opened at Eastport 
is, in the summer, always full ; but the guests spend most 
of their time at Campobello for the sake of the scenery, 
which surpasses any that can be enjoyed in the neighbor- 
hood of Eastport. Scarcely a day passes that picnic par- 
ties may not be seen enjoying the cool shelter and invigor- 
ating influence of the fir-scented woods, wandering about 
the little paths that run through the forests, or amusing 
themselves by picking the berries which are found in abun- 
dance on the plains — where blueberries, cranberries, etc., 
literally cover the ground. 

There are four carriage roads on the Island, the principal 
of which runs through the Island, passing through woods 
for some miles and then emerging close to the sea; and af- 
fording the traveller a succession of varied and beautiful 
views of sea and land, alike beautiful when the sea sparkles 
under the summer sun and the little islands that gem the 
surface of the bay are clothed in green, while the distant 
hills on whose sides lay ever-changing shadows, lift their 
blue summits against the sky; or when winter has thrown 
her snowy mantle over all, and the sea, darker and rougher, 
curls its waves against the rocky shore. 

This road leads to the extreme end of the Island where 
the lighthouse stands; this road is about nine miles long 
from the principal village, Welshpool, and is always much 



46 DESCRIPTION OF THE 

admired, the owner of the Island having been careful to pre- 
vent the trees along it from being destroyed; another leads 
in an opposite direction to the point of land opposite Lubec, 
~lmTgoes■IT^^7ag,i.-cv'^r^^'^i^-zuiJb^^ district, while the other 
chief road lies along the sea-shore,~irui~rl5^'r-ia;ds, passing 
through the most thickly settled portion of the Island. 

Perhaps the most favorite walk is that which leads to 
Herring Cove, — a beautiful cove where the beach, sweeping 
in crescent shape between two headlands, and a wdde sea- 
view looking out towards the Atlantic, forms a view which is 
always much admired. Here, too, is the largest piece of fresh 
water on the Island, a long, narrow sheet of water called 
Lake Glenserrew, upwards of a mile in length, and situated 
within one hundred yards from the sea. The woods are, for 
the most part, composed of fir, spruce, maple, birch, etc., 
sufiicient to make the woods, in autumn, gay with their vari- 
ously tinted foliage. 

Welshpool is the principal village, and is prettily situated 
close to the sea-shore. The substantial and comfortable res- 
idence of the owner of the Island and its elegant grounds 
occupy a point overlooking the bay at one end of the village, 
which lies on a slope, beyond which rises a hill, partly cov- 
ered with wood. On the outskirts of the village is the 
church, a small, but pretty edifice, in the early English 
style, not far from which is the residence of the clergyman. 
Besides the Episcopal church, there are two other places 
of worship. There are four free schools situated in various 
parts of the Island. The wharves, stores, etc., are commo- 
dious, the latter being at present used for storing salt which 
is imported from England and the West Indies, and in which 
a considerable trade is carried on. 

All visitors to this Island agree that it has been most fitly 
named Campobello — fair or beautiful country — for its 
beauties of wood and water have never been surpassed, 
combining, as it does, the best points of sea and land seen- 



^^xxijjuueiio, instead of 

^^.cixi iiume of lr*assamaquoddy Island, by which it was 

v^^ then called, containing, as it does, so many elements of fu- 

/ ture prosperity in a business point of view, requiring only 

capital to develop its resources; it is now all that can be 

desired by those who can admire nature, and, were the 

accommodations here, there can be little doubt many of those 

who are in want of a healthful and delightful place in which 

to spend the summer months would flock to enjoy its wild 

and varied beauties. 

MINERAL SPRINGS, ETC. 

The Mineral Springs on and about Bunker Hill are doubt- 
less unsurpassed by Saratoga or any other on the continent. 

VALUE OF CAMPOBELLO. 
The following is an estimate of the value of Campobello, 
based upon statements and reports made at difierent times, 
at a cost of more than thu-ty thousand dollars in gold, by 
a large number of men, eminent and reliable in their pro- 
fessions as sm-veyors, engineers, geologists, chemists, as- 
sayers, etc. The names of several of these gentlemen are 
mentioned in this pamjjhlet. 

6,000 acres of Farming Land, at $50 per acre, . . . $300,000 00 

15,000,000 feet of Spruce Lumber, at $6 per thousand, . 90,000 00 

Cedar, Birch, Pine and other Timber, 75,000 00 

100,000 cords of Wood for Fuel, at $1.50 per cord, . . 150,000 00 

Water and Mill Privileges, . . . . . . 50,000 00 

Silver, Copper and Galena Mines, 600,000 00 

Mansion and Grounds of Admiral Owen, Pier, Warehouses, 

Wharves and Docks, 150,00*" 

1,000 choice and romantic Building Sites, of about two 

acres each, at 



cannot be estimated, but, under piupci ^^^. _^ 
doubtless pay a large interest on one million dollars. 

The rents paid by the occupants of the Island, whose 
leases have nearly all expired, and other revenues, including 
the profits of one saw-mill (and twenty mills could be profit- 
ably run the year round) , amount to a fair interest on the 
price asked for the property. 

The present occupants are anxious to purchase the land, 
or to renew leases ; otherwise they would lose their im- 
provements, consisting of about one hundred and fifty 
dwellings, stores, etc. 

A prominent and influential member of Congress recently 
told the wi'iter that the annexation of this Island to the 
United States, and the establishment of a naval station 
thereon, can and will be accomplished, since there is a 
natural dry dock there, which, at high tide, will float the 
entire navy of the United States. 

Several valuable Charters granted by the Provincial Par- 
liament go with the Island. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




017 397 546 6 



Conservation Resources 



